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Every day, it seems,
Every day, it seems,
Every
day
it
seems
there's a new, bewildering or frightening story
there's a new, bewildering or frightening story
there's
a
new
bewildering
or
frightening
story
about
about
X
AI in the news - how it's going
to
to
X
steal our jobs,
about AI in the news - how it's going to steal our jobs,
about
AI
in
the
news
how
it's
going
to
steal
our
jobs
spread internet fakery
on
on
X
a colossal scale
spread internet fakery on a colossal scale
spread
internet
fakery
on
a
colossal
scale
and generally take
over
over
X
the world.
and generally take over the world.
and
generally
take
over
the
world
But what exactly is AI - artificial intelligence -
But what exactly is AI - artificial intelligence -
But
what
exactly
is
AI
artificial
intelligence
and are the scare stories even true?
and are the scare stories even true?
and
are
the
scare
stories
even
true
So, the first thing
to
to
X
know is that AI has been
around
around
X
So, the first thing to know is that AI has been around
So
the
first
thing
to
know
is
that
AI
has
been
around
a lot longer
than
than
X
you might think.
a lot longer than you might think.
a
lot
longer
than
you
might
think
Its roots lie
in
in
X
an idea known
as
as
X
an "artificial neural network"
Its roots lie in an idea known as an "artificial neural network"
Its
roots
lie
in
an
idea
known
as
an
artificial
neural
network
from
from
X
the 1940s.
from the 1940s.
from
the
1940s
A neural network is a bit
like
like
X
a team
of
of
X
interconnected workers
A neural network is a bit like a team of interconnected workers
A
neural
network
is
a
bit
like
a
team
of
interconnected
workers
that learn
to
to
X
solve problems.
that learn to solve problems.
that
learn
to
solve
problems
Each time they come
up
up
X
with
with
X
a possible solution, it's marked.
Each time they come up with a possible solution, it's marked.
Each
time
they
come
up
with
a
possible
solution
it's
marked
If there is room
for
for
X
improvement,
If there is room for improvement,
If
there
is
room
for
improvement
they adjust and change their connections.
they adjust and change their connections.
they
adjust
and
change
their
connections
Over time the network becomes more efficient.
Over time the network becomes more efficient.
Over
time
the
network
becomes
more
efficient
And technology powered
by
by
X
neural networks is all
around
around
X
us right now.
And technology powered by neural networks is all around us right now.
And
technology
powered
by
neural
networks
is
all
around
us
right
now
It suggests movies and music we might
like
like
X
.
It suggests movies and music we might like.
It
suggests
movies
and
music
we
might
like
It recognises faces and objects when taking photos on smartphones,
It recognises faces and objects when taking photos on smartphones,
It
recognises
faces
and
objects
when
taking
photos
on
smartphones
enabling features
like
like
X
facial recognition.
enabling features like facial recognition.
enabling
features
like
facial
recognition
It's heavily used
by
by
X
social media platforms
to
to
X
personalise our feeds.
It's heavily used by social media platforms to personalise our feeds.
It's
heavily
used
by
social
media
platforms
to
personalise
our
feeds
More recently, a form
of
of
X
AI known
as
as
X
"generative AI"
More recently, a form of AI known as "generative AI"
More
recently
a
form
of
AI
known
as
generative
AI
is powering applications that can seemingly create new data.
is powering applications that can seemingly create new data.
is
powering
applications
that
can
seemingly
create
new
data
It can also power chatbots
like
like
X
Open AI's ChatGPT and Google's Bard,
It can also power chatbots like Open AI's ChatGPT and Google's Bard,
It
can
also
power
chatbots
like
Open
AI's
ChatGPT
and
Google's
Bard
which give humanlike responses
to
to
X
questions.
which give humanlike responses to questions.
which
give
humanlike
responses
to
questions
These are getting better
at
at
X
interacting
with
with
X
us,
These are getting better at interacting with us,
These
are
getting
better
at
interacting
with
us
and seemingly more humanlike.
and seemingly more humanlike.
and
seemingly
more
humanlike
This can seem scary,
but
but
X
it's worth knowing point two.
This can seem scary, but it's worth knowing point two.
This
can
seem
scary
but
it's
worth
knowing
point
two
If you ask ChatGPT a question
like
like
X
this one -
If you ask ChatGPT a question like this one -
If
you
ask
ChatGPT
a
question
like
this
one
"Why should we be concerned
about
about
X
AI?" -
"Why should we be concerned about AI?" -
Why
should
we
be
concerned
about
AI
it does a pretty good job
of
of
X
providing a response
it does a pretty good job of providing a response
it
does
a
pretty
good
job
of
providing
a
response
that appears logical.
that appears logical.
that
appears
logical
And
with
with
X
that convincing humanlike response,
And with that convincing humanlike response,
And
with
that
convincing
humanlike
response
it's easy
for
for
X
us
to
to
X
believe it understands what it's saying,
it's easy for us to believe it understands what it's saying,
it's
easy
for
us
to
believe
it
understands
what
it's
saying
that it has feelings and motivations.
that it has feelings and motivations.
that
it
has
feelings
and
motivations
It's understandable that we do this,
It's understandable that we do this,
It's
understandable
that
we
do
this
but
but
X
it's worth remembering, right now AI can't think or feel,
but it's worth remembering, right now AI can't think or feel,
but
it's
worth
remembering
right
now
AI
can't
think
or
feel
can't love or hate.
can't love or hate.
can't
love
or
hate
ChatGPT and its counterparts
ChatGPT and its counterparts
ChatGPT
and
its
counterparts
are sophisticated sentence completion apps
are sophisticated sentence completion apps
are
sophisticated
sentence
completion
apps
that analyse our patterns
of
of
X
communication
that analyse our patterns of communication
that
analyse
our
patterns
of
communication
and provide responses similar
to
to
X
the way humans would typically reply.
and provide responses similar to the way humans would typically reply.
and
provide
responses
similar
to
the
way
humans
would
typically
reply
A bit
like
like
X
a "talking" parrot.
A bit like a "talking" parrot.
A
bit
like
a
talking
parrot
Which leads us
to
to
X
point number three.
Which leads us to point number three.
Which
leads
us
to
point
number
three
Chatbots can have an awkward relationship
with
with
X
the truth,
Chatbots can have an awkward relationship with the truth,
Chatbots
can
have
an
awkward
relationship
with
the
truth
technically known
as
as
X
"AI hallucinations".
technically known as "AI hallucinations".
technically
known
as
AI
hallucinations
You could also describe it
as
as
X
"making stuff
up
up
X
".
You could also describe it as "making stuff up".
You
could
also
describe
it
as
making
stuff
up
The core
of
of
X
the technology is a model that uses probability
The core of the technology is a model that uses probability
The
core
of
the
technology
is
a
model
that
uses
probability
to
to
X
predict the next word, sentence or paragraph.
to predict the next word, sentence or paragraph.
to
predict
the
next
word
sentence
or
paragraph
It can generate seemingly plausible replies,
but
but
X
lacks the ability
It can generate seemingly plausible replies, but lacks the ability
It
can
generate
seemingly
plausible
replies
but
lacks
the
ability
to
to
X
assess truthfulness or the accuracy
of
of
X
its responses.
to assess truthfulness or the accuracy of its responses.
to
assess
truthfulness
or
the
accuracy
of
its
responses
So anyone thinking
of
of
X
using chatbots
to
to
X
write content
So anyone thinking of using chatbots to write content
So
anyone
thinking
of
using
chatbots
to
write
content
needs
to
to
X
be careful
needs to be careful
needs
to
be
careful
they're not incorporating credible-sounding BS
they're not incorporating credible-sounding BS
they're
not
incorporating
credible-sounding
BS
that can be easily spotted
by
by
X
someone
that can be easily spotted by someone
that
can
be
easily
spotted
by
someone
who's actually done the research.
who's actually done the research.
who's
actually
done
the
research
The idea
of
of
X
a racist machine might seem far-fetched.
The idea of a racist machine might seem far-fetched.
The
idea
of
a
racist
machine
might
seem
far-fetched
But if AI is trained
on
on
X
data that's racist, biased or hateful,
But if AI is trained on data that's racist, biased or hateful,
But
if
AI
is
trained
on
data
that's
racist
biased
or
hateful
then its output will be too.
then its output will be too.
then
its
output
will
be
too
As we all know, racism, bias and hateful content can be found
As we all know, racism, bias and hateful content can be found
As
we
all
know
racism
bias
and
hateful
content
can
be
found
in abundance online.
in abundance online.
in
abundance
online
In 2016, Microsoft launched an experimental chatbot called Tay,
In 2016, Microsoft launched an experimental chatbot called Tay,
In
2016
Microsoft
launched
an
experimental
chatbot
called
Tay
but
but
X
quickly pulled the plug
but quickly pulled the plug
but
quickly
pulled
the
plug
after
after
X
it made racist and offensive remarks.
after it made racist and offensive remarks.
after
it
made
racist
and
offensive
remarks
It learnt
to
to
X
do this
from
from
X
interacting
with
with
X
users
It learnt to do this from interacting with users
It
learnt
to
do
this
from
interacting
with
users
on
on
X
social media.
on social media.
on
social
media
Microsoft apologised
Microsoft apologised
Microsoft
apologised
and promised
to
to
X
implement improved safety features
in
in
X
future.
and promised to implement improved safety features in future.
and
promised
to
implement
improved
safety
features
in
future
This is why the ethical framework that governs any AI application
This is why the ethical framework that governs any AI application
This
is
why
the
ethical
framework
that
governs
any
AI
application
is incredibly important, and why many are calling
for
for
X
safeguards
is incredibly important, and why many are calling for safeguards
is
incredibly
important
and
why
many
are
calling
for
safeguards
to prevent bias and hate speech to be built
into
into
X
AI systems.
to prevent bias and hate speech to be built into AI systems.
to
prevent
bias
and
hate
speech
to
be
built
into
AI
systems
For all the notes
of
of
X
caution, it can be easy
to
to
X
forget
For all the notes of caution, it can be easy to forget
For
all
the
notes
of
caution
it
can
be
easy
to
forget
there's many potential benefits
to
to
X
AI.
there's many potential benefits to AI.
there's
many
potential
benefits
to
AI
It's set
to
to
X
truly revolutionise healthcare.
It's set to truly revolutionise healthcare.
It's
set
to
truly
revolutionise
healthcare
AI has already discovered new drugs
AI has already discovered new drugs
AI
has
already
discovered
new
drugs
and is being used
to
to
X
identify cancer cells
and is being used to identify cancer cells
and
is
being
used
to
identify
cancer
cells
much more reliably
than
than
X
humans.
much more reliably than humans.
much
more
reliably
than
humans
And AI chatbots can behave
like
like
X
patient teachers
And AI chatbots can behave like patient teachers
And
AI
chatbots
can
behave
like
patient
teachers
when we struggle to understand a complex topic,
when we struggle to understand a complex topic,
when
we
struggle
to
understand
a
complex
topic
summarising huge volumes
of
of
X
information for us.
summarising huge volumes of information for us.
summarising
huge
volumes
of
information
for
us
The AI revolution has the potential
to
to
X
enhance and speed
up
up
X
work
The AI revolution has the potential to enhance and speed up work
The
AI
revolution
has
the
potential
to
enhance
and
speed
up
work
in many fields,
from
from
X
software programming,
to
to
X
animation,
in many fields, from software programming, to animation,
in
many
fields
from
software
programming
to
animation
to
to
X
law enforcement and journalism.
to law enforcement and journalism.
to
law
enforcement
and
journalism
This has pluses and minuses,
of
of
X
course,
This has pluses and minuses, of course,
This
has
pluses
and
minuses
of
course
but
but
X
could this extra capacity free us
up
up
X
to
to
X
do other things?
but could this extra capacity free us up to do other things?
but
could
this
extra
capacity
free
us
up
to
do
other
things
Like tackling climate change
Like tackling climate change
Like
tackling
climate
change
or looking
after
after
X
ourselves and each other better?
or looking after ourselves and each other better?
or
looking
after
ourselves
and
each
other
better
As AI advances, governments and regulators will
of
of
X
course
As AI advances, governments and regulators will of course
As
AI
advances
governments
and
regulators
will
of
course
need
to
to
X
make sure it's being used ethically and legally -
need to make sure it's being used ethically and legally -
need
to
make
sure
it's
being
used
ethically
and
legally
no easy feat.
no easy feat.
no
easy
feat
But will AI take
over
over
X
the world?
But will AI take over the world?
But
will
AI
take
over
the
world
Don't forget, AI is a tool,
Don't forget, AI is a tool,
Don't
forget
AI
is
a
tool
and even a powerful tool can't take
over
over
X
the world
on
on
X
its own.
and even a powerful tool can't take over the world on its own.
and
even
a
powerful
tool
can't
take
over
the
world
on
its
own
It's
up
up
X
to
to
X
us
to
to
X
decide how we use it -
It's up to us to decide how we use it -
It's
up
to
us
to
decide
how
we
use
it
or even if we should use it
at
at
X
all.
or even if we should use it at all.
or
even
if
we
should
use
it
at
all
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