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Reproducir video para comenzar
the maximum thrust liftoff.
the
maximum
thrust
liftoff
And
And
>> there we can see Tim Peak from the
>>
there
we
can
see
Tim
Peak
from
the
European Space Agency, the first British
European
Space
Agency
the
first
British
astronaut now on board the International
astronaut
now
on
board
the
International
Space Station.
Space
Station
>> So Tim, welcome. Thank you for joining
>>
So
Tim
welcome
Thank
you
for
joining
us. 10 years since you went to space. It
us
10
years
since
you
went
to
space
It
seems incredible that that has passed so
seems
incredible
that
that
has
passed
so
quickly.
quickly
>> It does. It seems just like yesterday.
>>
It
does
It
seems
just
like
yesterday
Um but uh it was an incredible moment in
Um
but
uh
it
was
an
incredible
moment
in
my life and one that I often reflect
my
life
and
one
that
I
often
reflect
back to.
back
to
>> Yeah. A whole chapter. And of course
>>
Yeah
A
whole
chapter
And
of
course
when you were living on board the ISS,
when
you
were
living
on
board
the
ISS
you were seeing 16 sunrises, 16 sunsets
you
were
seeing
16
sunrises
16
sunsets
a day. Does your perception of time
a
day
Does
your
perception
of
time
change with that?
change
with
that
>> It does. Um your perception of time
>>
It
does
Um
your
perception
of
time
changes, your perspective of of planet
changes
your
perspective
of
of
planet
Earth changes, and the longer you're up
Earth
changes
and
the
longer
you're
up
there, the more it it changes. Is
there
the
more
it
it
changes
Is
actually a very um serene and tranquil
actually
a
very
um
serene
and
tranquil
place to work. We're very very busy on
place
to
work
We're
very
very
busy
on
the space station, but actually being in
the
space
station
but
actually
being
in
orbit looking down on the planet is an
orbit
looking
down
on
the
planet
is
an
incredible environment to work in.
incredible
environment
to
work
in
>> Life-changing for sure. Take me back to
>>
Life-changing
for
sure
Take
me
back
to
that day that you woke up in Bikonor,
that
day
that
you
woke
up
in
Bikonor
that rather strange uh town on the edge
that
rather
strange
uh
town
on
the
edge
of the the old Soviet cosmo uh in
of
the
the
old
Soviet
cosmo
uh
in
Kazakhstan uh which of course they they
Kazakhstan
uh
which
of
course
they
they
rented from the Kazaks and that's where
rented
from
the
Kazaks
and
that's
where
they they built the whole space program
they
they
built
the
whole
space
program
uh from for the Soviets and and then the
uh
from
for
the
Soviets
and
and
then
the
Russians of course and that is where you
Russians
of
course
and
that
is
where
you
launched from but it it is built in
launched
from
but
it
it
is
built
in
steeped in in rituals and superstitions
steeped
in
in
rituals
and
superstitions
the whole program isn't it? It is
the
whole
program
isn't
it
It
is
steeped in in history, tradition,
steeped
in
in
history
tradition
superstition. Um, we actually launch
superstition
Um
we
actually
launch
from the same launch pad that Ura
from
the
same
launch
pad
that
Ura
Gagarin first set off from um on the
Gagarin
first
set
off
from
um
on
the
12th of April 1961. And and on launch
12th
of
April
1961
And
and
on
launch
day, everything runs to a strict
day
everything
runs
to
a
strict
schedule with plenty of time built in
schedule
with
plenty
of
time
built
in
for buffers. But you do go through those
for
buffers
But
you
do
go
through
those
rituals, the the blessing by the Russian
rituals
the
the
blessing
by
the
Russian
Orthodox priest, the signing of the
Orthodox
priest
the
signing
of
the
cosmonaut's door, walking out to to
cosmonaut's
door
walking
out
to
to
music, to the bus that takes you to the
music
to
the
bus
that
takes
you
to
the
suitup building, um the farewell
suitup
building
um
the
farewell
ceremonies, and then of course um you
ceremonies
and
then
of
course
um
you
know that trip to the the launchpad
know
that
trip
to
the
the
launchpad
itself.
itself
>> However well you prepare, there must be
>>
However
well
you
prepare
there
must
be
that that human natural human anxiety
that
that
human
natural
human
anxiety
about what was to come.
about
what
was
to
come
>> Absolutely. There is anxiety and and it
>>
Absolutely
There
is
anxiety
and
and
it
is the final farewell, you know, to your
is
the
final
farewell
you
know
to
your
your family and friends all there. And
your
family
and
friends
all
there
And
so, um, it's mixed with emotions as
so
um
it's
mixed
with
emotions
as
well, but there is a point where you you
well
but
there
is
a
point
where
you
you
say goodbye to your family. You get on
say
goodbye
to
your
family
You
get
on
the bus that takes you to the launch pad
the
bus
that
takes
you
to
the
launch
pad
and and there's a real shift in focus. I
and
and
there's
a
real
shift
in
focus
I
remember standing underneath your
remember
standing
underneath
your
rocket, the Soyuse rocket, which the
rocket
the
Soyuse
rocket
which
the
they've been using for so many years, so
they've
been
using
for
so
many
years
so
successfully, very reliable rocket, and
successfully
very
reliable
rocket
and
thinking, goodness me, this is a small
thinking
goodness
me
this
is
a
small
rocket to be going into space. What was
rocket
to
be
going
into
space
What
was
it like actually being on board? It is a
it
like
actually
being
on
board
It
is
a
small rocket, but it, as you said there,
small
rocket
but
it
as
you
said
there
it is very reliable, which is very
it
is
very
reliable
which
is
very
reassuring. Um, and the launch into
reassuring
Um
and
the
launch
into
space is is only about 8 minutes 48
space
is
is
only
about
8
minutes
48
seconds to get into space. So, that's
seconds
to
get
into
space
So
that's
when the rocket really has to do its
when
the
rocket
really
has
to
do
its
job. Um, a small rocket is it's very
job
Um
a
small
rocket
is
it's
very
efficient. Um, and and and we're trained
efficient
Um
and
and
and
we're
trained
for so many times in the simulator. We'd
for
so
many
times
in
the
simulator
We'd
launched about probably up to a thousand
launched
about
probably
up
to
a
thousand
times perhaps in the simulator in some
times
perhaps
in
the
simulator
in
some
form or other. Um, so we felt very very
form
or
other
Um
so
we
felt
very
very
prepared for what was to come. Does the
prepared
for
what
was
to
come
Does
the
simulator really prepare you for the the
simulator
really
prepare
you
for
the
the
noise that very physical sensation of
noise
that
very
physical
sensation
of
being being on board uh during launch?
being
being
on
board
uh
during
launch
>> It doesn't prepare you for that kind of
>>
It
doesn't
prepare
you
for
that
kind
of
visceral experience and the centrifuge
visceral
experience
and
the
centrifuge
certainly allows us to experience the
certainly
allows
us
to
experience
the
high G forces that we're going to feel
high
G
forces
that
we're
going
to
feel
during launch, but nothing can fully
during
launch
but
nothing
can
fully
prepare you. What the simulator does, it
prepare
you
What
the
simulator
does
it
allows us to become very familiar with
allows
us
to
become
very
familiar
with
um anything that can go wrong and it
um
anything
that
can
go
wrong
and
it
gives us the confidence to know that we
gives
us
the
confidence
to
know
that
we
can deal with those eventualities should
can
deal
with
those
eventualities
should
they arise.
they
arise
>> I remember you grinning at the camera,
>>
I
remember
you
grinning
at
the
camera
giving the thumbs up. You're clearly
giving
the
thumbs
up
You're
clearly
having the ride of your life.
having
the
ride
of
your
life
>> Yes. Um I mean at that point really
>>
Yes
Um
I
mean
at
that
point
really
you're there just monitoring the rocket
you're
there
just
monitoring
the
rocket
um making sure everything goes according
um
making
sure
everything
goes
according
to plan. There's actually very little
to
plan
There's
actually
very
little
that the astronauts um do during the
that
the
astronauts
um
do
during
the
launch process other than monitor to
launch
process
other
than
monitor
to
check everything's fine. Um it's only
check
everything's
fine
Um
it's
only
once the engines cut out and then we
once
the
engines
cut
out
and
then
we
have to rendevous with the international
have
to
rendevous
with
the
international
space station that's when we get much
space
station
that's
when
we
get
much
more actively involved in flying the
more
actively
involved
in
flying
the
spacecraft.
spacecraft
>> So what's life like on board?
>>
So
what's
life
like
on
board
>> On board the space station is a very
>>
On
board
the
space
station
is
a
very
busy place. Um we tend to work from 7
busy
place
Um
we
tend
to
work
from
7
till 7. Um, and we're focused primarily
till
7
Um
and
we're
focused
primarily
on scientific experiments. Although
on
scientific
experiments
Although
there's lots of maintenance to be done
there's
lots
of
maintenance
to
be
done
as well, occasional space walks, cargo
as
well
occasional
space
walks
cargo
operations, that kind of thing. But
operations
that
kind
of
thing
But
generally speaking, Monday to Friday,
generally
speaking
Monday
to
Friday
very, very busy. We drop the tempo at
very
very
busy
We
drop
the
tempo
at
the weekends a little bit, but we do our
the
weekends
a
little
bit
but
we
do
our
voluntary science there.
voluntary
science
there
>> Yeah. And I remember you you doing a lot
>>
Yeah
And
I
remember
you
you
doing
a
lot
with with microgravity and explaining
with
with
microgravity
and
explaining
how things do weird uh work in weird
how
things
do
weird
uh
work
in
weird
ways uh when there isn't the gravity
ways
uh
when
there
isn't
the
gravity
that we have down here on Earth. And you
that
we
have
down
here
on
Earth
And
you
took great pleasure in demonstrating
took
great
pleasure
in
demonstrating
that.
that
>> Absolutely. I mean in gravity um it is
>>
Absolutely
I
mean
in
gravity
um
it
is
has a huge effect clearly. You know 4
has
a
huge
effect
clearly
You
know
4
billion years of evolution has all been
billion
years
of
evolution
has
all
been
under the influence of earth's gravity.
under
the
influence
of
earth's
gravity
So if you can change that parameter and
So
if
you
can
change
that
parameter
and
put put that to zero then interesting
put
put
that
to
zero
then
interesting
things happen. And when you allow things
things
happen
And
when
you
allow
things
to grow without gravity, they grow in a
to
grow
without
gravity
they
grow
in
a
very different way. Whether that's
very
different
way
Whether
that's
fruit, vegetables, for example, or
fruit
vegetables
for
example
or
whether it's protein crystals that we
whether
it's
protein
crystals
that
we
can study and then find new
can
study
and
then
find
new
pharmaceutical cures for diseases like
pharmaceutical
cures
for
diseases
like
Huntington's or Parkinson's or motor
Huntington's
or
Parkinson's
or
motor
neurone disease.
neurone
disease
>> And that is I mean clearly one of the
>>
And
that
is
I
mean
clearly
one
of
the
prime purposes of of the International
prime
purposes
of
of
the
International
Space Station. It's coming towards the
Space
Station
It's
coming
towards
the
end of its life. Do you think it's
end
of
its
life
Do
you
think
it's
important that we do maintain that
important
that
we
do
maintain
that
orbiting laboratory so that we can
orbiting
laboratory
so
that
we
can
continue that understanding of how
continue
that
understanding
of
how
things do behave in in low gravity?
things
do
behave
in
in
low
gravity
>> It's incredibly important. Absolutely.
>>
It's
incredibly
important
Absolutely
And um there are already at least four
And
um
there
are
already
at
least
four
serious contenders for follow-on
serious
contenders
for
follow-on
commercial space stations. So I think
commercial
space
stations
So
I
think
there'll be a continual presence in low
there'll
be
a
continual
presence
in
low
Earth orbit where we'll be able to
Earth
orbit
where
we'll
be
able
to
access for for research and development
access
for
for
research
and
development
as well. But no, we're we're really just
as
well
But
no
we're
we're
really
just
scratching the surface of some of the
scratching
the
surface
of
some
of
the
incredible things that we can do in
incredible
things
that
we
can
do
in
microgravity. And I think the next phase
microgravity
And
I
think
the
next
phase
is even more exciting when we start
is
even
more
exciting
when
we
start
thinking about larger scale
thinking
about
larger
scale
manufacturing. So rather than just doing
manufacturing
So
rather
than
just
doing
the research and realizing that say for
the
research
and
realizing
that
say
for
example we can create a metal alloy that
example
we
can
create
a
metal
alloy
that
you can't make on Earth that's lighter,
you
can't
make
on
Earth
that's
lighter
stronger, more elastic than anything
stronger
more
elastic
than
anything
we've got. Well, now let's see if we can
we've
got
Well
now
let's
see
if
we
can
actually manufacture it at scale.
actually
manufacture
it
at
scale
>> How much time did you get to appreciate
>>
How
much
time
did
you
get
to
appreciate
your environment though? I mean, I know
your
environment
though
I
mean
I
know
the laboratory itself, I don't think it
the
laboratory
itself
I
don't
think
it
has a window, does it, where you're
has
a
window
does
it
where
you're
actually working. So, it's very
actually
working
So
it's
very
difficult other than the fact that
difficult
other
than
the
fact
that
you're weightless. It's very difficult
you're
weightless
It's
very
difficult
to to kind of see what's going on
to
to
kind
of
see
what's
going
on
outdoors.
outdoors
>> Yes. The main kind of laboratory
>>
Yes
The
main
kind
of
laboratory
modules, they have small um uh hatch
modules
they
have
small
um
uh
hatch
windows about the size of a dinner plate
windows
about
the
size
of
a
dinner
plate
at every hatch, but then there's a
at
every
hatch
but
then
there's
a
wonderful um coupler window, which is
wonderful
um
coupler
window
which
is
kind of like seven windows in one, and
kind
of
like
seven
windows
in
one
and
that's where you get the really good
that's
where
you
get
the
really
good
view of Earth. So, if ever you have a a
view
of
Earth
So
if
ever
you
have
a
a
10-minute coffee break up there, that's
10-minute
coffee
break
up
there
that's
where everyone goes with the camera to
where
everyone
goes
with
the
camera
to
take photos of Earth or to look out at
take
photos
of
Earth
or
to
look
out
at
the galaxy.
the
galaxy
>> And we've seen so many of your photos uh
>>
And
we've
seen
so
many
of
your
photos
uh
published since. I mean, was there a
published
since
I
mean
was
there
a
particular part of the planet that you
particular
part
of
the
planet
that
you
learned to love?
learned
to
love
>> Um, I learned to love the whole planet,
>>
Um
I
learned
to
love
the
whole
planet
and that's what I thought was quite
and
that's
what
I
thought
was
quite
strange. Some of the areas we might
strange
Some
of
the
areas
we
might
think are barren and desolate, like the
think
are
barren
and
desolate
like
the
Sahara Desert or Western Australia,
Sahara
Desert
or
Western
Australia
actually seen from space, they're
actually
seen
from
space
they're
stunning. They're they're beautiful. The
stunning
They're
they're
beautiful
The
the oranges, the browns, the colors. um
the
oranges
the
browns
the
colors
um
the Amazon rainforests, the central
the
Amazon
rainforests
the
central
Africa, um they really stand out and of
Africa
um
they
really
stand
out
and
of
course mountains, glacias, um volcanoes.
course
mountains
glacias
um
volcanoes
I mean the planet is beautiful wherever
I
mean
the
planet
is
beautiful
wherever
you look.
you
look
>> And I guess you also get an appreciation
>>
And
I
guess
you
also
get
an
appreciation
that it's it's not static. It's a
that
it's
it's
not
static
It's
a
forever changing. The storms, the the
forever
changing
The
storms
the
the
northern lights or the the you know,
northern
lights
or
the
the
you
know
everything is is is just changes the
everything
is
is
is
just
changes
the
whole time.
whole
time
>> It's an incredibly dynamic planet. And I
>>
It's
an
incredibly
dynamic
planet
And
I
think that's one of the most striking
think
that's
one
of
the
most
striking
things when you see it from space. we
things
when
you
see
it
from
space
we
realize what the planet is doing for us
realize
what
the
planet
is
doing
for
us
all the time. Whether that's protecting
all
the
time
Whether
that's
protecting
us from harmful solar radiation when we
us
from
harmful
solar
radiation
when
we
see the aurora at the northern and
see
the
aurora
at
the
northern
and
southern magnetic poles, um whether it's
southern
magnetic
poles
um
whether
it's
seeing thunderstorms throughout, you
seeing
thunderstorms
throughout
you
know, the the whole night cycle,
know
the
the
whole
night
cycle
thousands of thunderstorms all over the
thousands
of
thunderstorms
all
over
the
planet at the same time, whether it's
planet
at
the
same
time
whether
it's
hurricanes forming in the Atlantic, um
hurricanes
forming
in
the
Atlantic
um
you realize this this dynamic planet is
you
realize
this
this
dynamic
planet
is
is really working incredibly hard to
is
really
working
incredibly
hard
to
protect us all down here. And do you get
protect
us
all
down
here
And
do
you
get
a sense of how fragile it really is when
a
sense
of
how
fragile
it
really
is
when
you see how thin the atmosphere is?
you
see
how
thin
the
atmosphere
is
>> Absolutely. It is just that thin
>>
Absolutely
It
is
just
that
thin
atmosphere that makes the difference it,
atmosphere
that
makes
the
difference
it
you know, it's different from Mars. It's
you
know
it's
different
from
Mars
It's
different from Venus which could support
different
from
Venus
which
could
support
life potentially if if only for a better
life
potentially
if
if
only
for
a
better
atmosphere. So we do have to look after
atmosphere
So
we
do
have
to
look
after
the the atmosphere that we've got.
the
the
atmosphere
that
we've
got
>> So how do you think the whole experience
>>
So
how
do
you
think
the
whole
experience
changed you?
changed
you
>> Um I think it changed me in many ways. I
>>
Um
I
think
it
changed
me
in
many
ways
I
think every time we push ourselves out
think
every
time
we
push
ourselves
out
of our comfort zone, we learn more about
of
our
comfort
zone
we
learn
more
about
ourself and that gives us confidence
ourself
and
that
gives
us
confidence
moving forward to use those skills and
moving
forward
to
use
those
skills
and
experiences in future projects. Um, it's
experiences
in
future
projects
Um
it's
an incredible place to work at the
an
incredible
place
to
work
at
the
cutting edge of science and technology.
cutting
edge
of
science
and
technology
The camaraderie u is second to none. The
The
camaraderie
u
is
second
to
none
The
kind of spirit of international
kind
of
spirit
of
international
collaboration um it opens your eyes to
collaboration
um
it
opens
your
eyes
to
what's possible when everybody works
what's
possible
when
everybody
works
together towards a common goal.
together
towards
a
common
goal
>> And what about your health? I mean we we
>>
And
what
about
your
health
I
mean
we
we
we know that as you say it ages
we
know
that
as
you
say
it
ages
everybody by by 20 years. Can you
everybody
by
by
20
years
Can
you
recover that? How do you try and
recover
that
How
do
you
try
and
mitigate against against some of those
mitigate
against
against
some
of
those
effects?
effects
>> Yes, that's a good question. I mean
>>
Yes
that's
a
good
question
I
mean
staying fit in space is so important and
staying
fit
in
space
is
so
important
and
that's to help you to come back to
that's
to
help
you
to
come
back
to
earth. Um actually if you allow the
earth
Um
actually
if
you
allow
the
human body to change into what it wants
human
body
to
change
into
what
it
wants
to do in space, it would be quite an
to
do
in
space
it
would
be
quite
an
interesting experiment but it wouldn't
interesting
experiment
but
it
wouldn't
be kind on the body. So we we exercise
be
kind
on
the
body
So
we
we
exercise
for two hours a day so that we can come
for
two
hours
a
day
so
that
we
can
come
back to Earth's punishing gravity and
back
to
Earth's
punishing
gravity
and
not suffer too much. Um so staying fit
not
suffer
too
much
Um
so
staying
fit
and healthy is is just part of an
and
healthy
is
is
just
part
of
an
astronaut's routine to make sure that
astronaut's
routine
to
make
sure
that
you're um as good as you can be for the
you're
um
as
good
as
you
can
be
for
the
next mission.
next
mission
>> And psychologically, do you think it
>>
And
psychologically
do
you
think
it
changes you as well? Having that they
changes
you
as
well
Having
that
they
call it the overview effect, don't they?
call
it
the
overview
effect
don't
they
When when you're able to to look down on
When
when
you're
able
to
to
look
down
on
on Earth and appreciate in a completely
on
Earth
and
appreciate
in
a
completely
new way.
new
way
>> It certainly does uh change you. Yes.
>>
It
certainly
does
uh
change
you
Yes
you get to see the planet um in an
you
get
to
see
the
planet
um
in
an
incredibly special way. Uh and also you
incredibly
special
way
Uh
and
also
you
get to see it against that backdrop of
get
to
see
it
against
that
backdrop
of
of the vast universe and I think that
of
the
vast
universe
and
I
think
that
real makes you realize how important you
real
makes
you
realize
how
important
you
know spaceship earth is to all of us.
know
spaceship
earth
is
to
all
of
us
>> Yes. I guess you spend a lot of time
>>
Yes
I
guess
you
spend
a
lot
of
time
looking down at Earth. Did you look the
looking
down
at
Earth
Did
you
look
the
other way as well at the the inky
other
way
as
well
at
the
the
inky
blackness?
blackness
>> You certainly do. And actually, um, you
>>
You
certainly
do
And
actually
um
you
know, some people think that the inky
know
some
people
think
that
the
inky
blackness is brutal and hostile, which
blackness
is
brutal
and
hostile
which
of course it is, but there's also a a
of
course
it
is
but
there's
also
a
a
beauty to that vast blackness of of
beauty
to
that
vast
blackness
of
of
space. Um, a sort of serene tranquility
space
Um
a
sort
of
serene
tranquility
to it. Um, and I think when you see
to
it
Um
and
I
think
when
you
see
Earth set against that blackness, it
Earth
set
against
that
blackness
it
makes you realize even more how special
makes
you
realize
even
more
how
special
Earth is.
Earth
is
>> And now, of course, we're seeing a new
>>
And
now
of
course
we're
seeing
a
new
generation of astronauts heading out
generation
of
astronauts
heading
out
into that void, that inky blackness. Do
into
that
void
that
inky
blackness
Do
you think they are better prepared this
you
think
they
are
better
prepared
this
time round? And I don't mean just
time
round
And
I
don't
mean
just
because the technology has advanced, but
because
the
technology
has
advanced
but
it's the understanding of from
it's
the
understanding
of
from
everything that has been learned from
everything
that
has
been
learned
from
people like yourself on on the ISS that
people
like
yourself
on
on
the
ISS
that
they know how the better that how the
they
know
how
the
better
that
how
the
mind works, the body will react uh as it
mind
works
the
body
will
react
uh
as
it
travels through deep space and so on.
travels
through
deep
space
and
so
on
>> Um it's an interesting question because
>>
Um
it's
an
interesting
question
because
of course the Apollo astronauts were
of
course
the
Apollo
astronauts
were
incredibly well prepared when you think
incredibly
well
prepared
when
you
think
what they gone through with the Mercury
what
they
gone
through
with
the
Mercury
program, the Gemini program. how many
program
the
Gemini
program
how
many
people were so focused on that moon
people
were
so
focused
on
that
moon
landing. Um, so not to say that they
landing
Um
so
not
to
say
that
they
weren't prepared, but I think with the
weren't
prepared
but
I
think
with
the
new Arteimis program, there's a a clear
new
Arteimis
program
there's
a
a
clear
vision that takes us beyond just going
vision
that
takes
us
beyond
just
going
to the moon. A clear vision that we've
to
the
moon
A
clear
vision
that
we've
got a destination we want to go to, the
got
a
destination
we
want
to
go
to
the
South Pole where we know there's water
South
Pole
where
we
know
there's
water
ice. We want to create habitation
ice
We
want
to
create
habitation
modules on the surface of the moon. We
modules
on
the
surface
of
the
moon
We
want to have astronauts living there for
want
to
have
astronauts
living
there
for
six months to a year on the surface and
six
months
to
a
year
on
the
surface
and
learning more about the moon and using
learning
more
about
the
moon
and
using
it as a staging post to get to Mars. So
it
as
a
staging
post
to
get
to
Mars
So
I think it's that kind of mindset that
I
think
it's
that
kind
of
mindset
that
we're returning to the moon with a much
we're
returning
to
the
moon
with
a
much
kind of grander vision of where this is
kind
of
grander
vision
of
where
this
is
going to take us in just the next 10 to
going
to
take
us
in
just
the
next
10
to
15 years.
15
years
>> But I guess by living on board the ISS
>>
But
I
guess
by
living
on
board
the
ISS
for 6 months or or more, I Scott spent
for
6
months
or
or
more
I
Scott
spent
how long? It was almost a year.
how
long
It
was
almost
a
year
>> He was virtually a year in space.
>>
He
was
virtually
a
year
in
space
>> Well, it was quite extraordinary. So
>>
Well
it
was
quite
extraordinary
So
very good uh understanding particularly
very
good
uh
understanding
particularly
when comparing with his twin who's down
when
comparing
with
his
twin
who's
down
on Earth and really understanding how
on
Earth
and
really
understanding
how
the body does change. in in
the
body
does
change
in
in
microgravity, the effects of of
microgravity
the
effects
of
of
radiation on on DNA and and all that
radiation
on
on
DNA
and
and
all
that
kind of stuff. It's going to be really
kind
of
stuff
It's
going
to
be
really
important to know these things when we
important
to
know
these
things
when
we
go for these long duration missions on
go
for
these
long
duration
missions
on
the moon or perhaps beyond. Absolutely.
the
moon
or
perhaps
beyond
Absolutely
And and we have built on the experience
And
and
we
have
built
on
the
experience
of of everybody who's contributed over
of
of
everybody
who's
contributed
over
the last 50 years um since 1972, the
the
last
50
years
um
since
1972
the
last humans to leave the surface of the
last
humans
to
leave
the
surface
of
the
moon. And um and all of that experience
moon
And
um
and
all
of
that
experience
is going into the Aremis program,
is
going
into
the
Aremis
program
whether it's just understanding more
whether
it's
just
understanding
more
about the food that we eat, the exercise
about
the
food
that
we
eat
the
exercise
we need to do um or how various systems
we
need
to
do
um
or
how
various
systems
are going to work on our spacecraft. Um
are
going
to
work
on
our
spacecraft
Um
we we certainly kind of stand on the
we
we
certainly
kind
of
stand
on
the
shoulders of of giants uh and uh and we
shoulders
of
of
giants
uh
and
uh
and
we
really do, you know, admire those people
really
do
you
know
admire
those
people
who have gone before us who have helped
who
have
gone
before
us
who
have
helped
it make it easier for these missions to
it
make
it
easier
for
these
missions
to
come.
come
>> You must have a good understanding of
>>
You
must
have
a
good
understanding
of
what the crew are going through now as
what
the
crew
are
going
through
now
as
they countd down to launch it. It it is
they
countd
down
to
launch
it
It
it
is
coming really closely now.
coming
really
closely
now
>> It is it's really exciting. I mean,
>>
It
is
it's
really
exciting
I
mean
we're looking at just next spring, um,
we're
looking
at
just
next
spring
um
which is very, very soon. Um, and I
which
is
very
very
soon
Um
and
I
think the public perhaps don't even
think
the
public
perhaps
don't
even
realize what they're about to see. You
realize
what
they're
about
to
see
You
know, the astronauts going very very
know
the
astronauts
going
very
very
close to the moon's surface again,
close
to
the
moon's
surface
again
orbiting the moon with today's
orbiting
the
moon
with
today's
technology in terms of cameras and and
technology
in
terms
of
cameras
and
and
high definition and color. Um, we're
high
definition
and
color
Um
we're
going to see the moon like we've never
going
to
see
the
moon
like
we've
never
seen it before. We're going to see
seen
it
before
We're
going
to
see
commentary from those astronauts. Um and
commentary
from
those
astronauts
Um
and
and it's going to be quite remarkable to
and
it's
going
to
be
quite
remarkable
to
follow that mission. It's going to be
follow
that
mission
It's
going
to
be
incredibly special.
incredibly
special
>> It will be the far side of the moon and
>>
It
will
be
the
far
side
of
the
moon
and
and not many people see that.
and
not
many
people
see
that
>> Absolutely. Yes. And of course, they're
>>
Absolutely
Yes
And
of
course
they're
going to be spending 10 days orbiting
going
to
be
spending
10
days
orbiting
the moon. So they there'll be a long
the
moon
So
they
there'll
be
a
long
period of time where they're able to
period
of
time
where
they're
able
to
kind of reach out back to Earth and and
kind
of
reach
out
back
to
Earth
and
and
share those experiences with us.
share
those
experiences
with
us
>> It is a very new rocket. I mean, how how
>>
It
is
a
very
new
rocket
I
mean
how
how
do you think they are kind of um
do
you
think
they
are
kind
of
um
accepting that inevitable risk? It's the
accepting
that
inevitable
risk
It's
the
first time that humans have been
first
time
that
humans
have
been
launched in it and they are going far
launched
in
it
and
they
are
going
far
beyond Earth's orbit.
beyond
Earth's
orbit
>> Absolutely. It uh it is a a new mission
>>
Absolutely
It
uh
it
is
a
a
new
mission
with a new rocket and and therefore the
with
a
new
rocket
and
and
therefore
the
risk is definitely higher. We've had 25
risk
is
definitely
higher
We've
had
25
years now of operating on the
years
now
of
operating
on
the
international space station and whilst
international
space
station
and
whilst
there have been various new vehicles
there
have
been
various
new
vehicles
that have taken us there and back um
that
have
taken
us
there
and
back
um
from the shuttle to the sawyers to um
from
the
shuttle
to
the
sawyers
to
um
SpaceX Falcon and 9 for example um this
SpaceX
Falcon
and
9
for
example
um
this
SLS rocket is is only on its second
SLS
rocket
is
is
only
on
its
second
mission. So there is definitely uh a
mission
So
there
is
definitely
uh
a
greater level of risk associated with it
greater
level
of
risk
associated
with
it
but again the astronauts are completely
but
again
the
astronauts
are
completely
committed to what they're doing
committed
to
what
they're
doing
passionate about what they're doing and
passionate
about
what
they're
doing
and
um all the experts who are working on
um
all
the
experts
who
are
working
on
the Aremis mission would have gone to
the
Aremis
mission
would
have
gone
to
you know every effort to make sure the
you
know
every
effort
to
make
sure
the
risk is as low as possible.
risk
is
as
low
as
possible
>> We know from what the NASA administrator
>>
We
know
from
what
the
NASA
administrator
the NASA chief is is saying that
the
NASA
chief
is
is
saying
that
absolutely determined to get there
absolutely
determined
to
get
there
before the Chinese. Do you sense this
before
the
Chinese
Do
you
sense
this
space race which is beginning to build
space
race
which
is
beginning
to
build
once again? And there is a bit of a
once
again
And
there
is
a
bit
of
a
space race, but I think it's it's it's
space
race
but
I
think
it's
it's
it's
slightly different. You've got, yes, the
slightly
different
You've
got
yes
the
Chinese who have got a a very successful
Chinese
who
have
got
a
a
very
successful
space station in low Earth orbit that's
space
station
in
low
Earth
orbit
that's
currently occupied and an ambitious
currently
occupied
and
an
ambitious
program to head to the moon and of
program
to
head
to
the
moon
and
of
course the Aremis program to return to
course
the
Aremis
program
to
return
to
the moon. Um, and commercial companies
the
moon
Um
and
commercial
companies
are interested in this. Now the the moon
are
interested
in
this
Now
the
the
moon
um has a different meaning this time
um
has
a
different
meaning
this
time
round because it's being seen as a
round
because
it's
being
seen
as
a
permanent place to go and and stay to
permanent
place
to
go
and
and
stay
to
study um but also potentially uh in
study
um
but
also
potentially
uh
in
terms of resources as well. So there is
terms
of
resources
as
well
So
there
is
this kind of new element of a a space
this
kind
of
new
element
of
a
a
space
race. Um I I think we can also do it in
race
Um
I
I
think
we
can
also
do
it
in
a spirit of of cooperation and
a
spirit
of
of
cooperation
and
collaboration. Space is incredibly hard,
collaboration
Space
is
incredibly
hard
a very hostile environment. It would be
a
very
hostile
environment
It
would
be
foolish to not have things like common
foolish
to
not
have
things
like
common
docking systems so that we can help each
docking
systems
so
that
we
can
help
each
other out if if people got into trouble.
other
out
if
if
people
got
into
trouble
Um that's the whole spirit of of
Um
that's
the
whole
spirit
of
of
exploration is is you know yes okay we
exploration
is
is
you
know
yes
okay
we
might be coming from different positions
might
be
coming
from
different
positions
but we're also you know one species and
but
we're
also
you
know
one
species
and
we're also there to cooperate and
we're
also
there
to
cooperate
and
collaborate. Do you sense that although
collaborate
Do
you
sense
that
although
there might be sort of more public
there
might
be
sort
of
more
public
bluster uh from the officials that that
bluster
uh
from
the
officials
that
that
behind the scenes there is this sense of
behind
the
scenes
there
is
this
sense
of
cooperation in the past the Chinese have
cooperation
in
the
past
the
Chinese
have
not cooperated with um the western
not
cooperated
with
um
the
western
nations but do you sense that perhaps
nations
but
do
you
sense
that
perhaps
this will be a moment such a hostile
this
will
be
a
moment
such
a
hostile
environment where the only sensible
environment
where
the
only
sensible
thing will be to cooperate somehow
thing
will
be
to
cooperate
somehow
>> I think so I think that's one of the the
>>
I
think
so
I
think
that's
one
of
the
the
beacons that the international space
beacons
that
the
international
space
station was it It was this spirit of of
station
was
it
It
was
this
spirit
of
of
um collaboration and cooperation. Um and
um
collaboration
and
cooperation
Um
and
I think as we move forward again we are
I
think
as
we
move
forward
again
we
are
kind of uh focusing on the moon as a as
kind
of
uh
focusing
on
the
moon
as
a
as
a goal and and that will also embody
a
goal
and
and
that
will
also
embody
this new spirit of collaboration as
this
new
spirit
of
collaboration
as
well.
well
>> How important then given that we are
>>
How
important
then
given
that
we
are
moving into a new era of space
moving
into
a
new
era
of
space
exploration. How important do you think
exploration
How
important
do
you
think
it is that that the UK remains committed
it
is
that
that
the
UK
remains
committed
to to human space flight to putting
to
to
human
space
flight
to
putting
astronauts uh on whatever future
astronauts
uh
on
whatever
future
orbiting laboratory there is and perhaps
orbiting
laboratory
there
is
and
perhaps
joining these missions to the moon and
joining
these
missions
to
the
moon
and
beyond?
beyond
>> I think we need to stay incredibly
>>
I
think
we
need
to
stay
incredibly
engaged with what's going on in space.
engaged
with
what's
going
on
in
space
We've got a fantastic space industry at
We've
got
a
fantastic
space
industry
at
the moment, but we need to embrace that
the
moment
but
we
need
to
embrace
that
and we need to help it grow. Um I mean
and
we
need
to
help
it
grow
Um
I
mean
space is an incredible growth industry.
space
is
an
incredible
growth
industry
Um, but in terms of human space flight,
Um
but
in
terms
of
human
space
flight
I think what we'll be seeing in in low
I
think
what
we'll
be
seeing
in
in
low
Earth orbit is actually the the amount
Earth
orbit
is
actually
the
the
amount
of people who have the opportunity to go
of
people
who
have
the
opportunity
to
go
there increasing rapidly and not
there
increasing
rapidly
and
not
necessarily from a point of space
necessarily
from
a
point
of
space
tourism, but perhaps from a point of
tourism
but
perhaps
from
a
point
of
view of employees who may be running
view
of
employees
who
may
be
running
science and research. I I think it's
science
and
research
I
I
think
it's
going to be a bit like aviation where
going
to
be
a
bit
like
aviation
where
you might have two professional
you
might
have
two
professional
astronauts flying the spacecraft and you
astronauts
flying
the
spacecraft
and
you
might have several passengers who are
might
have
several
passengers
who
are
going to space to do research, for
going
to
space
to
do
research
for
example.
example
>> Is there a wish for you to go, do you
>>
Is
there
a
wish
for
you
to
go
do
you
think? Do you regret having retired?
think
Do
you
regret
having
retired
>> Well, I haven't retired. I've I've left
>>
Well
I
haven't
retired
I've
I've
left
the European Space Agency, but I'm still
the
European
Space
Agency
but
I'm
still
working with Axiom Space, who's a US
working
with
Axiom
Space
who's
a
US
company, and they they fly private
company
and
they
they
fly
private
astronaut missions to the space station.
astronaut
missions
to
the
space
station
So, I'm still hoping for another trip
So
I'm
still
hoping
for
another
trip
back to the space station. But yes, in
back
to
the
space
station
But
yes
in
terms of going to Mars, I think that is
terms
of
going
to
Mars
I
think
that
is
outside of my my career time frame. Um,
outside
of
my
my
career
time
frame
Um
and I I will watch on with envy when
and
I
I
will
watch
on
with
envy
when
when those first humans do go off to the
when
those
first
humans
do
go
off
to
the
red planet. European Space Agency has
red
planet
European
Space
Agency
has
said that it will be a German astronaut
said
that
it
will
be
a
German
astronaut
uh that will be going on a future
uh
that
will
be
going
on
a
future
Arteimus mission, Arteimus 4. Um we
Arteimus
mission
Arteimus
4
Um
we
don't yet know the date of that, but
don't
yet
know
the
date
of
that
but
that will be to the surface of the moon.
that
will
be
to
the
surface
of
the
moon
How hopeful are you that there will be a
How
hopeful
are
you
that
there
will
be
a
British astronaut there in the future
British
astronaut
there
in
the
future
and perhaps Rosemary Kugan?
and
perhaps
Rosemary
Kugan
>> I I would love to see a British
>>
I
I
would
love
to
see
a
British
astronaut on on the surface of the moon.
astronaut
on
on
the
surface
of
the
moon
Obviously, we are very much a part of
Obviously
we
are
very
much
a
part
of
the European Space Agency and the
the
European
Space
Agency
and
the
European Space Agency is very much a
European
Space
Agency
is
very
much
a
part of the Aremis program. We provide
part
of
the
Aremis
program
We
provide
the service module to the Orion
the
service
module
to
the
Orion
spacecraft. So we're we're we provide a
spacecraft
So
we're
we're
we
provide
a
critical piece of infrastructure to that
critical
piece
of
infrastructure
to
that
mission. Um and uh it would be great to
mission
Um
and
uh
it
would
be
great
to
see that that first European on the
see
that
that
first
European
on
the
surface of the moon. But yes, I'd love
surface
of
the
moon
But
yes
I'd
love
to see a Union flag on the surface of
to
see
a
Union
flag
on
the
surface
of
the moon uh in the not too distant
the
moon
uh
in
the
not
too
distant
future. But it is interesting how we now
future
But
it
is
interesting
how
we
now
your legacy is that there is this strong
your
legacy
is
that
there
is
this
strong
group of of British astronauts either
group
of
of
British
astronauts
either
formerly part of the training program or
formerly
part
of
the
training
program
or
as reserve astronauts or in the case of
as
reserve
astronauts
or
in
the
case
of
John McFall a disabled uh astronaut who
John
McFall
a
disabled
uh
astronaut
who
is teaching us new things about how the
is
teaching
us
new
things
about
how
the
body responds to uh microgravity.
body
responds
to
uh
microgravity
>> Absolutely. I mean we're we're so well
>>
Absolutely
I
mean
we're
we're
so
well
placed in the UK. You know I mentioned
placed
in
the
UK
You
know
I
mentioned
about our space industry but also in
about
our
space
industry
but
also
in
terms of human space flight as well. Um,
terms
of
human
space
flight
as
well
Um
and I I I would love to see John get to
and
I
I
I
would
love
to
see
John
get
to
space. I think in terms of being the
space
I
think
in
terms
of
being
the
first par astronaut would teach us an
first
par
astronaut
would
teach
us
an
awful lot. Um, space is a real leveler.
awful
lot
Um
space
is
a
real
leveler
Um, I think it was Samantha Christopheri
Um
I
think
it
was
Samantha
Christopheri
who said in space we're all disabled and
who
said
in
space
we're
all
disabled
and
we're all learning a new skill. Um, and
we're
all
learning
a
new
skill
Um
and
we all have to learn how to use our
we
all
have
to
learn
how
to
use
our
bodies differently so that we can be as
bodies
differently
so
that
we
can
be
as
efficient as we can be. Um, and so I
efficient
as
we
can
be
Um
and
so
I
think in in that respect it's going to
think
in
in
that
respect
it's
going
to
be very exciting to see John in space.
be
very
exciting
to
see
John
in
space
So what are the chances of you getting
So
what
are
the
chances
of
you
getting
back into space then with the Axiom
back
into
space
then
with
the
Axiom
mission? I know that you are passing
mission
I
know
that
you
are
passing
around the hat hoping for uh sponsorship
around
the
hat
hoping
for
uh
sponsorship
to get this mission off the ground and
to
get
this
mission
off
the
ground
and
the UK government has said that it will
the
UK
government
has
said
that
it
will
get behind it if if the money is there.
get
behind
it
if
if
the
money
is
there
>> Absolutely. And that's an interesting
>>
Absolutely
And
that's
an
interesting
model as well using commercial
model
as
well
using
commercial
sponsorship because uh this is kind of
sponsorship
because
uh
this
is
kind
of
the environment we're working now in
the
environment
we're
working
now
in
terms of this new operating commercial
terms
of
this
new
operating
commercial
operating of low earth orbit. So there
operating
of
low
earth
orbit
So
there
are so many companies that haven't
are
so
many
companies
that
haven't
necessarily looked uh at space as being
necessarily
looked
uh
at
space
as
being
interesting to them who are now
interesting
to
them
who
are
now
realizing that space is a huge part of
realizing
that
space
is
a
huge
part
of
the the global economy but also an
the
the
global
economy
but
also
an
incredible growth environment and and to
incredible
growth
environment
and
and
to
be on board with what's going on in
be
on
board
with
what's
going
on
in
space is very now exciting and
space
is
very
now
exciting
and
interesting to them. So we are really
interesting
to
them
So
we
are
really
enjoying engaging with companies and and
enjoying
engaging
with
companies
and
and
um seeing what it is that they uh might
um
seeing
what
it
is
that
they
uh
might
want to to do in space and and how we
want
to
to
do
in
space
and
and
how
we
could assist them with that.
could
assist
them
with
that
>> Is it going to happen?
>>
Is
it
going
to
happen
I would like to say yes. I think it will
I
would
like
to
say
yes
I
think
it
will
happen. Yes. Um at the moment we're
happen
Yes
Um
at
the
moment
we're
waiting from NASA to find out who they
waiting
from
NASA
to
find
out
who
they
have allocated the next two private
have
allocated
the
next
two
private
astronaut missions to. So I think once
astronaut
missions
to
So
I
think
once
we get that information which should be
we
get
that
information
which
should
be
coming in the next few weeks, then we'll
coming
in
the
next
few
weeks
then
we'll
be able to say with a a greater degree
be
able
to
say
with
a
a
greater
degree
of certainty whether it'll happen or
of
certainty
whether
it'll
happen
or
not.
not
>> Tim, we can hope it would be fantastic
>>
Tim
we
can
hope
it
would
be
fantastic
to see that grin, that thumbs up going
to
see
that
grin
that
thumbs
up
going
to space once again. Tim Peak, thank you
to
space
once
again
Tim
Peak
thank
you
very much indeed.
very
much
indeed
>> Thanks very much.
>>
Thanks
very
much
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